Objective To investigate the association between
regular coffee consumption and the prevalence of coronary artery calcium (CAC)
in a large sample of young and middle-aged asymptomatic men and women.
Methods This
cross-sectional study included 25 138 men and women (mean age 41.3 years)
without clinically evident cardiovascular disease who underwent a health
screening examination that included a validated food frequency questionnaire
and a multidetector CT to determine CAC scores. We used robust Tobit regression
analyses to estimate the CAC score ratios associated with different levels of
coffee consumption compared with no coffee consumption and adjusted for
potential confounders.
Results The
prevalence of detectable CAC (CAC score mayor a 0) was 13.4% (n=3364), including
11.3% prevalence for CAC scores 1–100 (n=2832), and 2.1% prevalence for CAC
scores mayor to 100 (n=532). The mean ±SD consumption of coffee was 1.8±1.5
cups/day. The multivariate-adjusted CAC score ratios (95% CIs) comparing coffee
drinkers of menor to 1, 1– menor que 3, 3– menor que5, and mayor o igual que 5
cups/day to non-coffee drinkers were 0.77 (0.49 to 1.19), 0.66 (0.43 to 1.02),
0.59 (0.38 to 0.93), and 0.81 (0.46 to 1.43), respectively (p for quadratic
trend=0.02). The association was similar in subgroups defined by age, sex,
smoking status, alcohol consumption, status of obesity, diabetes, hypertension,
and hypercholesterolaemia.
Conclusions In
this large sample of men and women apparently free of clinically evident
cardiovascular disease, moderate coffee consumption was associated with a lower
prevalence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis.
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